We can group English words into 9 basic types called "parts of speech" or "word classes". It's quite important to recognize parts of speech. This helps you to analyze sentences and understand them. It also helps you to construct good sentence.
Noun: naming words of things, person , animals and place : Pen, book, hook
computer , John, Obama, Anna, Alice, Aisha, cat, dog, lion, parrot, Japan, Canada, Oman, SriLanka, home, school, shops and so on
Example: Obama was one of the American presidents.
Parrot is a beautiful bird.
Japan is an industrialized country.
pronoun: replaces a noun : we, they, he, she, they, it
He is a scientist.
She sing beautifully.
It is a song bird.
Verb : action or state have, work, walk, sing ,play
The children play in the garden.
They work at night.
She walks to work.
Adjective : describes a noun , good big, small, interesting, fresh
These fruits are fresh,
Elephants are big animals.
Boris is an interesting person.
Determiner or Articles: limits or determines a noun, a/an, the, some ,any, many
I ate an apple in the morning.
A horse better than a donkey.
Do you have any money?
Adverb: describes a verb, an adjective, or an adverb : slowly, quickly, badly, happily.
She eats very quickly.
They lived happily in the mountain.
She has done badly in her maths exam.
preposition: links a noun to another word: to, before, between, after, under,
I saw the cat under the table.
He went to the office.
She came home tired after work.
Conjunction : joins sentences , clauses or words : and , but , when, though
I like fish and chips but I don't like hamburgers.
Interjection: exclamation marks Wow! Ouch! Hi! Hello
Wow! it's an interesting picture!